Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution is a clause outlawing war as a means to settle international disputes involving the Japanese state and banning the development of national war potential. War potential means any force exceeding a minimum level necessary for self-defence. Defensive weapons are allowed but not offensive ones such as ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons. The Article was added to the Constitution during the Allied Occupation of Japan following WWII as a Pacifist clause and bars Japan from maintaining an Army, Navy, or Air Force. In practice, Japan maintains a Self Defense Forces, a de facto military force.

Taking hostages for ransom has become highly prevalent across the globe. For example, there have been several recent instances of armed bandits abducting schoolchildren in northern Nigeria. Kidnappings have also frequently occurred in other places, such as American journalist James Foley's kidnapping by by ISIS, which demanded a large ransom for his release. In recent years there has also been a proliferation of ransomware, computer malware by which hackers freeze access to data (for individuals, hospitals, schools, local governments, etc.) and demand payment in exchange for giving back access to that data. Such ransomware has recently been used by Russian-state backed hackers to ascertain leverage on Ukraine and by Chinese nationalists to target Tibetans.

In recent years, logging companies have cleared swathes of land around indigenous communities' reservations in the Amazon, with loggers and poachers often also entering their perimeters. President Bolsonaro has claimed that the reservations are too expansive and has called for mining and industrial farming on tribal land. Recently, members of indigenous tribes have begun forming vigilante groups to fight back against the encroachments. They have experienced relative success in combating illegal incursion, but this has come at the cost of being regularly exposed to armed skirmishes and vigilantism being denounced by local authorities.

The Scottish National Party (SNP) is Scotland's largest party functioning as a nationalist, socially democratic platform. The SNP frequently campaigns for Scottish independence, using it as the main means to secure themselves seats in the European Parliament and in the UK House of Commons. It has also implemented a more progressive tax system, supported reductions in corporate tax, and supported attracting multinational corporations (MNCs) to Scotland with subsidies.

There exists an elixir that upon consumption enables the drinker to permanently forget about all their previous and future breakups, however painful and arduous they may be. This elixir is accessible to all and need only be consumed once in a lifetime.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows parents to evaluate several existing embryos before selecting which to implant via in vitro fertilization (IVF). One of the identifiable traits is genetic deafness.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows parents to evaluate several existing embryos before selecting which to implant via in vitro fertilization (IVF). One of the identifiable traits is genetic deafness.